Biography of Catherine Parr, Sixth Wife of Henry VIII

Catherine Parr (c. 1512–Sept. 5, 1548) was the sixth and last wife of Henry VIII, king of England. She was reluctant to marry him—he had had his second and fifth wives executed—but saying no to a proposal from the king could have had serious consequences. She eventually was married four times, the last to her true love. Fast Facts: Catherine Parr Known For: Sixth wife of Henry VIIIAlso Known As: Katherine  or  Katharine ParreBorn: c. 1512 in London, EnglandParents: Sir Thomas Parr, Maud GreeneDied: Sept. 5, 1548 in Gloucestershire, EnglandPublished Works: Prayers and Meditations, Lamentation of a SinnerSpouse(s): Edward Borough (or Burgh), John Neville, Henry VIII, Thomas SeymourChild: Mary Seymour Early Life Catherine Parr was born in London around 1512, the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr and Maud Greene. She was the eldest of three children. Her parents were courtiers during the early years of Henry VIIIs reign. Her father was knighted at the kings 1509 coronation, and her mother was a lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, his first queen, after whom Catherine was named. After her father died in 1517, Catherine was sent to live with her uncle, Sir William Parr, in Northamptonshire. There, she received a good education in Latin, Greek, modern languages, and theology. Marriages In 1529 Parr married Edward Borough (or Burgh), who died in 1533.  The next year she married John Neville, Lord Latimer, a second cousin once removed.  A Catholic, Neville was the target of Protestant rebels, who briefly held Parr and his two children hostage in 1536 to protest the kings religious policies. Neville died in 1543. Parr had been widowed twice when she became part of the household of Princess Mary, the kings daughter, and attracted Henrys attention. Parr wasnt the first woman to draw the kings eye. Henry had put aside his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and split with the Church of Rome to divorce her, so that he could marry his second wife, Anne Boleyn, only to have her executed for treason for betraying him. He had lost his third wife, Jane Seymour, who died from complications after giving birth to his only legitimate son, who was to become Edward VI. He had divorced his fourth queen, Anne of Cleves, because he was not attracted to her. He noticed Parr not long after he had had his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, executed for deceiving him. Knowing his history and, apparently, already engaged to Jane Seymours brother Thomas, Parr was naturally reluctant to marry Henry. But she also was aware that refusing him could have serious consequences for herself and her family. Marriage to Henry Parr married King Henry VIII on July 12, 1543, four months after her second husband died. By all accounts she was a patient, loving, pious wife to him in his last years of illness, disillusion, and pain. As was typical in noble circles, Parr and Henry had a number of common ancestors and were third cousins once removed in two different ways. Parr helped reconcile Henry to his two daughters, Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, and Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn. Under her influence, they were educated and restored to the succession. Parr also directed the education of her stepson, the future Edward VI, and advanced her stepchildren with Neville. Parr was sympathetic to the Protestant cause.  She could argue fine points of theology with Henry, occasionally infuriating him so much that he threatened her with execution. She probably tempered his persecution of Protestants under the Act of the Six Articles, which  reasserted some traditional Catholic doctrine into the English Church. Parr herself narrowly escaped being implicated with Anne Askew, a Protestant martyr. A 1545 warrant for her arrest was canceled when she and the king reconciled. Deaths Parr served as Henrys regent in 1544 when he was in France, but when Henry died in 1547, she was not made regent for his son Edward. Parr and her former love Thomas Seymour, who was Edwards uncle, did have some influence with Edward, including obtaining his permission to marry, which they received sometime after they had secretly married on April 4, 1547.  She also was granted permission to be called the Dowager Queen.  Henry had provided her with an allowance after his death. She also was the guardian of Princess Elizabeth after Henrys death, though this led to a scandal when rumors circulated about a relationship between Seymour and Elizabeth. Parr apparently was surprised to find herself pregnant for the first time in her fourth marriage. She gave birth to her only child, Mary Seymour, on Aug. 30, 1548, and died only a few days later, on Sept. 5, 1548, in Gloucestershire, England. The cause of death was puerperal fever, the same postpartum complication that had taken Jane Seymour. There were rumors that her husband had poisoned her, hoping to marry Princess Elizabeth. Thomas Seymour was executed for treason in 1549, a year after his wifes death.  Mary Seymour went to live with a close friend of Parr, but there are no records of her after her second birthday. Although there have been rumors, it isnt known whether she survived. Legacy Catherine Parr sacrificed her love for Seymour and married  Henry VIII, a display of loyalty to the crown that has maintained her good reputation throughout English history. She took good care of her stepchildren, providing education and culture, and strongly encouraged stepdaughter Elizabeths education, which helped to make the future  Queen Elizabeth  one of the most learned monarchs in English history. Additionally, her support of Protestantism encouraged the translation of religious works into English and furthered the cause of the  Protestant Reformation  in England. Parr left two devotional works that were published with her name after her death: Prayers and Meditations (1545) and Lamentation of a Sinner (1547). In 1782, Parrs coffin was found in a ruined chapel at Sudeley Castle, where she had lived with Seymour up to her death. In time, a proper tomb and memorial were built there. Sources Catherine Parr. New World Encyclopedia.Katherine Parr. TudorHistory.org

Flannery O’connor’s Use of Symbolism, Theme, and Religion

Flannery O’Connor’s Use of Symbolism, Theme, and Religion In this essay I will be covering the similarities, differences, and uniqueness of theme in three of Flannery O’Connor’s short stories. The stories I will be discussing are A Good Man is Hard to Find, Revelation, and Good Country People. O’Connor was considered to be a type of religious propaganda. At least one character in her stories had a name or behavior that reflected religion. Her stories most often had an aggressive twist to them. The epiphany in her stories basically always arose from the violent and aggressive twist. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, the key word is â€Å"good.† It is also a part of the theme for this story. The grandmother uses â€Å"good† as a label for many things†¦show more content†¦They are used to reveal whether someone is a good country person or not. Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman use the action of their eyes as if they were driving a truc k, when they watched Manley walk away with Hulga’s leg and leave her stranded in the loft. They used their eyes as if they were trying to run him over. Manley’s eyes were described as two steel spikes as he continued to glance at where Hulga’s leg rested. The major themes in O’Connor’s writings are the sky and weather, grace, disgust with the world, and glorification of the past. Her main symbol that she most often used was the characters eyes. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, the idea of there not being a sun or clouds in the sky was a clear forewarning of the family’s fate. The Misfit and the grandmother both mentioned neither a cloud nor sun was in the sky in this story during their confrontation. The sky is supposed to stand for openness to faith and the sun is a symbol of faith. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, disgust with the world is clear in the grandmother’s conversation with Red Sammy about trusting people. The grandmother stat es, â€Å"It isn’t a soul in this green world of God’s that you can trust.† This belief questions her Christian faith. In Good Country People, Mrs. Hopewell’s judgment of people whom she believes she can trust is a clear indication of her disgust with the world. Glorification of the past is present in A Good Man is Hard to Find through the grandmother’s characterShow MoreRelatedThe Life You Save May Be Your Own1122 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if you were given a chance to start over and do things differently? To make up for your mistakes, right your wrongs? This idea is featured as a theme in Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own†, published in the 1953 Spring issue of The Kenyon Review (Kenyon College). The story is about a homeless man by the name of â€Å"Shiftlet† who approaches an isolated, run-down farm where â€Å"Mrs.Crater† and her mentally retarded daughter â€Å"Lucynel l† lives. Crater offers Shiftlet a homeRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Revelation by Flannery OConnor1591 Words   |  7 Pages- Well written-Good points A Critical Analysis of Revelation by Flannery OConnor Flannery OConnors background influenced her to write the short story Revelation. One important influence on the story is her Southern upbringing. During her lifetime, Southerners were very prejudiced towards people of other races and lifestyles. They believed that people who were less fortunate were inferior to them; therefore, people were labeled as different things and placed into different social classesRead MoreMary Shelley and Flannery OConnor: Gothic Isolationists1724 Words   |  7 Pagesfiction ceased to be a dominant genre by the Victorian Era. However, in many ways it had now begun to enter into its most ingenious phase. This paper will analyze the influence of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein on Flannery O’Connor’s work, specifically her novel Wise Blood. Flannery O’Connor emerged as a crucial and contemporary innovator of southern gothic literature. Southern gothic literature is defined as a subgenre of gothic fiction, which originated in the United States during the 20th centuryRead MoreThe Life You Save May Be Your Own Short Story Analysis1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Meaning of Life What brings you true joy? Is it family and friends, a religion, or some material item? In the short story, â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own,† Flannery O’Connor gives examples of what can bring Tom Shiftlet joy, but what he chooses instead. A tramp, Shiftlet, wonders to the Crater house in search of a job. Mrs. Crater knows she needs her farm fixed up, so she allows Shiftlet to sleep in the car and will feed him if he fixes things at the house. Mrs. Crater tries to pawnRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Revelation by Flannery OConnor Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesA Critical Analysis of Revelation by Flannery OConnor Flannery OConnors background influenced her to write the short story Revelation. One important influence on the story is her Southern upbringing. During her lifetime, Southerners were very prejudiced towards people of other races and lifestyles. They believed that people who were less fortunate were inferior to them; therefore, people were labeled as different things and placed into different social classes. The South provided OConnorRead More â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Technique2162 Words   |  9 PagesFind†: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Technique to Grotesque Medieval Literature Upon initially reading Flannery O’Connor’s work, one would have no problem recognizing her use of shocking, violent, or despairing themes. It may not be as easy, however, to completely accept or understand her style. According to Patrick Galloway, one must be â€Å"initiated to her trademarks when reading any of her two novels or thirty-two short stories (1).In many of her works, she paradoxically uses styles thatRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Theories Of O Connor s Work1862 Words   |  8 PagesFreud’s Psychoanalytical theories to O’Connor’s writings, the motivations of the characters and the symbolic meanings of events began to be more obvious. Her own personal responses also will be easier to interoperate in her writing. The elements of psychological strategies closely include human unconscious impulses, desires, and feelings that a person is unaware of but that influence emotions and behaviors. This is where a reader will be able to understand O’Connor’s true meanings of her story and willRead MoreInterpretation of Good Country People by Flannery OConnnor Through Imagery/Symbolism.1294 Words   |  6 PagesIn Flannery OConnors short story Good Country People Flannery shows and teaches us, you cannot judge a book by its cover, not even a bible. Though Hulga seems as if she has a heart as cold as ice, you learn how vulnerable she is. You also encounter a character named Manley Pointer. Who puts on a facade of being a good country boy, and a Christian who sells bibles. Symbolism plays a major role in the way that these characters are seen through out the story and how they perceive themselves. Read MoreEssay on Generation Gaps in Flannerys A Good Man is Hard to Find567 Words   |  3 PagesGeneration Gaps in Flannerys A Good Man is Hard to Find The use of symbolism that emphasizes a major gap between the two generations, as well as religion, theme, and imagery along with an intriguing story plot make Flannerys A Good Man is hard to Find one of Americas classic short stories. Imagery is widely used in OConnors story, which makes the characters and surroundings seem lifelike. In the depiction of the grandmother the reader can visual see the woman sitting in the car waitingRead MoreEssay on The Geranium and Judgment Day2602 Words   |  11 Pages Flannery O’Connor’s short-story work occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, a time in which race caused significant tensions among Americans. Raised in the south, Flannery grew up in an atmosphere of overt racism and Catholic fervor. Both of these influences affected the way she wrote. Flannery OConnor conveyed both her moral and religious values in her writing, and she consistently wrote about religion and race within this narrow perspective. â€Å"Many of my ardent admirers would be roundly shocked

Diagnosis of Adam Sandler “Reign over Me” Free Essays

Reign Over Me Alex Chaput 0810758 The movie Reign Over Me is about a man named Charlie Fineman. Charlie used to be a practicing dentist. His whole life was turned upside down when he lost his wife and three daughters in the terrorist attacks on 9/11. We will write a custom essay sample on Diagnosis of Adam Sandler â€Å"Reign over Me† or any similar topic only for you Order Now One day while Charlie is on the street his old roommate from college, Allen Johnson, sees him and tries yelling for him, but Charlie does not stop. Allen then seems like he knows that something is wrong with Charlie and wants to help. In this movie it is clear to see that Charlie is suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This is what would go on Axis 1 of the multi-axial system. For this diagnosis he needs to have 6 or more symptoms from 3 different areas. These areas are re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal. He has been suffering for over 1 month and is severely distressed and impaired. The traumatic event that Charlie was exposed to was his family dying in the plane crash of 9/11. This event has left him extremely helpless and he has times of horror when he thinks about what has happened. While going about his daily life he acts as if he doesn’t remember any of the tragedy that occurred. This would be one of the avoidance symptoms. Another of these symptoms would be that he avoids his late wife’s parents as they remind him of his family. The third would be his loss of interest in activities. He used to be a practicing dentist, but now lives off of money from the government. At all times in this movie Charlie has his headphones in order to drown out any thought or mention of his family. Charlie has a breakdown at one point in the movie. It seems as if he has a flashback of his family in his house. These thoughts and memories are recurrent and intrusive which applies to his re-experiencing symptoms. Another of these is when he shows very intense distress in his court appearance when showed pictures of his family. He then has to be escorted from the courtroom. For his persistent symptoms of increased arousal he seems to have sleep problems as he stays up late into the night playing video games. He also is constantly irritable and has outbursts of anger. He refuses to get help and will not talk about his feelings or his family with anyone. This leads to what seems like him considering attempting suicide. He however then takes a gun out into the city. He gets into a standoff with a cop and it seems like he wants the cop to kill him. For axes 2 and 3 I didn’t think that Charlie would have anything. He didn’t seem to have a personality disorder, mental retardation, or any medical conditions. There were many psychosocial and environmental factors that Charlie faced for axis 4. One of these environmental factors would be that he still lives in the house that he lived in with his family. This is what caused the flashback of his family. Another factor is the loss of his career. He used to be a successful practicing dentist. He now has no career and lives off of settlement money and money from the government. He has very little social interaction. He doesn’t confide any of his feelings in friends. All of these things cause distress and impairment in Charlie’s life. On axis 5 I would give Charlie a GAF score of 22. His life is not functional. He cannot control his emotions when memories and thoughts of his family come up. He seems to be a very dirty individual who doesn’t care about what he looks like. He says that he often sees his family’s faces in other people on the street. His life is dangerous to him as well as those around him. Charlie’s PTSD stems from a very specific, very obvious, event. This event is the loss of his family. He never received any treatment for his problem which did not help. If he had gone to see a grief counselor maybe the PTSD could have been avoided completely. Some more of the etiology factors for his PTSD would be that he had very low levels of social support. He did not have many friends and he lost his entire family. To treat Charlie’s PTSD he could have been prescribed an SSRI. He could have also used prolonged exposure treatment with relaxation training, cognitive restructuring to correct negative assumptions about the trauma, or he could have been trained to develop better coping skills. In the movie he was receiving some treatment. He was seeing the therapist that Allen had suggested. He quickly would end the sessions as he was uncomfortable talking to her about his past. The end of the movie seemed very abrupt to me. Charlie seems to be doing better, but it is unclear what will happen to him. He has moved out of his old apartment and into a different one. He also has started to communicate slightly more with other people. He also told the story about his family’s death to Allen. It is possible that his life could improve, but I’m not sure if his life could ever be as fulfilling as it was before the event. How to cite Diagnosis of Adam Sandler â€Å"Reign over Me†, Essay examples

Transcendental Meditation (TM) free essay sample

This paper discusses counteracting the physiological effects of stress on homeostatic regulation by utilizing transcendental meditation techniques. This paper discusses transcendental meditation and its ability to relieve symptoms of stress. The author explains in scientific (chemical) terms what causes the human body to feel stress. Also detailed in terms of medicine and science are the effects of meditation on a body suffering from stress. For the majority of people, stress is defined in terms of factors: child-rearing, pressure on the job, marital discord, etc. Its easy to confuse stressors with actual stress. So what, exactly, is stress? In short, stress is any physical or emotional condition that disrupts the bodys homeostasis. The human body has many ways of regulating homeostasis in response to specific stressors. For instance, alterations in body temperatures trigger responses designed to either raise or lower the temperature back to normal. When it comes to the everyday stress of simply living, however, the body develops a general response known as general adaptation syndrome (GAS), also referred to simply as stress response. We will write a custom essay sample on Transcendental Meditation (TM) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This syndrome was first described by Hans Selye and is divided into three distinct phases: the alarm phase, the resistance phase, and the exhaustion phase.